EPA in their New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) Workplan reaffirmed their priority to reduce the use of vertebrate animals for toxicity testing, and the Agency is working on the development and application of NAMs to ensure reasonable certainty of no harm to human health and the minimum likelihood of adverse ecological effects. This session will explore ways to develop and implement a scientific strategy that is robust and fit-for-purpose for delivering new alternative approaches that meet the needs of the U.S. EPA for use in decision-making.